In a significant and potentially controversial move, Russia has officially removed the Taliban from its list of terrorist organizations, signaling a potential shift towards formal cooperation with the group that now governs Afghanistan. This decision, announced by the Russian Supreme Court, follows a period of increasing engagement between Moscow and the Taliban since the latter’s takeover of Afghanistan in 2021.
Russia’s Foreign Ministry stated that this delisting paves the way for a “full-fledged partnership” with Kabul, emphasizing mutual interests in combating drug trafficking and terrorism, particularly against the Afghan branch of ISIS, known as Wilayat Khorasan. Moscow also intends to focus on building trade, business, and investment ties with Afghanistan, recognizing its geostrategic importance.
This decision marks a notable departure from Russia’s long-standing stance, having designated the Taliban as a terrorist organization in 2003. While the move does not equate to full diplomatic recognition of the Taliban government, it removes a legal hurdle for expanded cooperation and potential future normalization of relations.
The move has already elicited varied reactions internationally. Some nations, particularly in Central Asia, which share borders with Afghanistan, may view this with unease, given historical concerns about Taliban-inspired radicalization and border security. Conversely, countries like Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan have already taken similar steps in recent years.
Russia’s rationale appears to stem from a pragmatic assessment of the current reality in Afghanistan, where the Taliban holds de facto power. Moscow views the Taliban as a potential partner in countering the growing threat of ISIS-K, which has been responsible for attacks in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and even within Russia.
While opening the door for cooperation, Russia has emphasized that this decision does not alter its international commitments regarding UN Security Council sanctions against certain Taliban individuals and entities. The international community remains divided on how to engage with the Taliban, balancing humanitarian needs with concerns about human rights, particularly those of women and girls.